Features

Anuar Mikdad Muad, received B.Eng, and M.Sc. (Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering) from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia in1999 and 2005, respectively; and PhD in Remote Sensing from University of Nottingham in 2011. He was a Research Officer at the Malaysian Institute for Nuclear Technology Research (MINT) from 1999 to 2001. Currently, he is a Senior Lecturer at the Center for Integrated Systems Engineering and Advanced Technologies (INTEGRA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM). His research interests include image processing, image analysis, signal processing, and machine learning, which are applied in various applications such as, industrial non-destructive testing, automotive driving assistance system, remote sensing, and forensic medical imaging.

Abstract

Center for Integrated Systems Engineering and Advanced Technologies (INTEGRA), Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM)

Inverse perspective mapping (IPM) refers to geometrical transformation technique that change image from a 2D perspective view into a 3D orthographic view, as if viewed from a bird’s eye. IPM removes perspective distortion and enhance visual understanding of the road such as recognizing the presence of lane markers, obstacles, and estimating the safe distance. The applications of IPM can now be found in many new vehicles as an additional feature to assist drivers to park their cars, keep the car inside the lane, and maintain safe distance with other cars and obstacles. However, there are a variety of challenges affecting the performance of the IPM that is related to the different conditions of the roads. In this talk, I will review some processes to construct IPM that consider those challenges, including using mono and stereo cameras, fusing with other sensors, stabilizing and adapting vanishing point into the IPM.

Patrick Driesch M.Sc. is scientific assistant and PhD candidate at the chair of mechatronics of the university of Duisburg-Essen since 2016. His researching is about the analysis and the evaluation of alternative mobility concepts like electric vehicle or liquefied natural gas driven utility vehicles based on real motion data. Regarding these topic he worked in several research projects like the government aided project PREMIUM where the motion data of 232 electric vehicles where collected. Beginning 2010, he studied mechanical engineering in Duisburg (Germany) with a focus on Mechatronics and finished the master in 2016 as one of the best 10% of the year.

Abstract

Analysis of the Influence of Auxiliary Consumer on the Energy Consumption of Electric Vehicles Based on Real Movement Data

The electrification of vehicles is one of the currently prevailing goals in the automotive industry [1]. Unlike conventional vehicles, which are driven by an internal combustion engine powered by fuel from a tank, an electric car has an electro motor (induction motor) which is powered by electrical energy from the traction battery. The use of an electric motor provides many advantages like the ability to drive by a high torque even at low rpm or the proportionately recovering of the braking energy [2]. In contrast to an internal combustion engine, hardly any waste heat is produced, which is used in conventional vehicles to heat the driver’s cab. The entire air conditioning or heating of the cab is therefore completely made of electrical energy. This is taken from the primary energy storage of the vehicle, the traction battery. Other auxiliary consumers, such as for example the infotainment system, also reduce the remaining amount of energy in the traction battery that can be used to drive the vehicle. Thus, the energetic load of the auxiliary consumers directly affects the remaining range of the vehicle.

In the course of this article the influence of the energetic load by auxiliary consumers on the energy demand of electric vehicles in everyday use is examined. For this purpose, real measurements of the speed profile, the ambient temperature and the battery current from about 5,500 single drives of twelve battery electric vehicles in Germany, which were recorded in the course of the research project PREMIUM, are evaluated [3]. A bidirectional Hall Effect direct current sensor detected the battery current, so that both the energetic load in the drive and in the recuperation case is included. In order to differentiate between the energetic component of the auxiliary consumers and the energy consumption for driving or recuperation energy, a statistical analysis of the battery current during vehicle stoppages, in which only energy is applied to the operation of the auxiliary consumers, is carried out and their results are discussed. Finally characteristic temperature-dependent power curves of the auxiliary consumers are generated, which then, in combination with a longitudinal dynamics model, tend to show the influence of the auxiliary consumers on the total energy demand on the example of the WLTC cycle.

 

Frederic Kracht M.Sc. is scientific assistant and PhD candidate at the chair of mechatronics of the university of Duisburg-Essen. His researching is about the development of vehicle suspension
models with elastic behavior for real-time applications. He won the best paper award of the conference LSMS2017 & ICSEE 2017 in Nanjing. Beginning 2008, he studied mechanical engineering in Duisburg (Germany) and finished the master with distinction as best student in 2013. While his study he worked for three years as student employee at the SIEMENS AG for gas turbine engineering and got a scholarship of the German Academic Scholarship Foundation. In 2018, he stayed 3 month at the Tianjin University in China as a research exchange Ph.D candidate.

Abstract

Influence of Suspension Components on the Energy Efficiency of Passenger Vehicles

Due to the threatening scarcity of resources, the climate discussion, the range problems with electric vehicles and the increasing competition, there is an interest in further increasing the efficiency and environmental compatibility of the passenger vehicle . 12 – 15 % of the total energy consumption is caused by the chassis and thus offers a potential for energy efficiencyoptimization . Since the chassis consists of different components, it must first be determined which components are responsible for the energy consumption. Within this presentation, only the components of the wheel suspension are considered. These include the passive elements of the wheel suspension, such as metallic links, the force elements (spring/damper elements), the bushings and rigid bearings. Modeling and simulation are carried out using the multibody simulation software ADAMS/CAR. The most commonly used wheel suspension types, which are the McPherson and double wishbone wheel suspensions (represented as front axle with 78% and 20% respectively [2]), are used for the investigation.

The two types are equipped with equivalent bearings and force elements to determine which type of suspension offers a higher energy saving potential. Furthermore, it is shown which dependency on the characteristics of the chassis according to DIN 70020 exists in the constructive design. The sensitivity analysis also shows the influence of the geometry and weight of the individual components on total energy consumption. In the past, it has not been sufficiently investigated to what extent a chassis can be energetically optimized. This contribution makes it possible to identify the existing potential and to develop energy-optimized chassis in the future. Furthermore, this provides the basis for updating active elements in the chassis by means of energy-efficient control strategies so that energy efficiency dependent on driving maneuvers is guaranteed.

 

 

Nor Fadzilah Abdullah received her B.Sc. degree in Electrical and Electronics from Universiti Teknologi Malaysia in 2001, M.Sc. degree (Hons.) in Communications Engineering from University of Manchester, U.K. in 2003, and Ph.D. degree in Electrical and Electronic Engineering from University of Bristol, U.K., in 2012. She has worked in major telecommunication companies, such as Ericsson Malaysia and Maxis Communications Berhad Malaysia, from 2003 to 2008. She was a Researcher and an Honorary Staff with the Communication System and Network Group, University of Bristol, from 2012 where she was involved in a number of projects with First Great Western Rail, Jaguar Land Rover Research and BluWireless Ltd. She is currently a Senior Lecturer in Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia. She was involved in a number of collaboration between the university and industries on various national and international projects related to her research area. Her research interests include 5G, millimeter wave, LTE-A, vehicular networks, massive MIMO, space time coding, fountain codes, channel propagation modelling and estimation. She has been an IEEE member since March 2008.

Abstract

Intelligent Transportation System: A Vehicular Communication Perspective

Connected Cars are a reality. The Global sales for Connected and Autonomous Vehicles (CAV) are forecasted to increase four times by 2025, and every car will be connected wirelessly by 2050. Future Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) using vehicular communications bring enhanced safety, traffic management, infotainment and telematics features. These safety features enable a high reduction in casualties and fuel/time efficiency of commuting by exchanging and sharing information between the vehicles. Efficient traffic management applications include improved navigation, driver assistance, policing and enforcement, route and direction optimisation, intelligent highway functions, smart lanes, congestion routing and parking spaces allocation and reservation. Infotainment applications include enhanced driving experience and extended connectivity using on-board Internet access, media downloading, localised map updates and e-commerce services. The recent advancements in electronics and computer networks, as well as the clear need for interoperability and connectivity makes communication technologies and algorithms crucial for the success of ITS applications. The excitement surrounding vehicular communication is not only due to the applications or their potential benefits but also due to the challenges and scale of solutions. The main challenge comes from the scalability issues caused by varying node velocity and density.

Vehicles speed can range from more than 200 km/h on highways to zero km/h in a traffic jam. High relative velocity requires coping with huge Doppler spread, and a very short communication window that requires an extremely efficient connection setup, fast synchronization and fast data exchange. On the other hand, traffic jams or high node density may result in channel congestion. Other radio propagation challenges include a double-selective channel due to low antenna heights, shadowing from hills, trees or trucks and reflection from vehicle metal bodies. In addition, other medium access control (MAC) issues such as hidden nodes, exposed nodes and unbounded delay problems needs also be considered. To make matters worse, multiple receiving nodes in broadcast or geocast communication that is usually required for ITS applications will exacerbate the MAC problems. These challenges create the need for improved communication technologies solutions.

 

 

Dr. Salvinder Singh Karam Singh is currently a Lecturer at the Centre for Integrated Design for Advanced Mechanical Systems, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia. He received his Ph.D. in Mechanical Engineering specialising in fatigue reliability assessment from Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia in 2016. His research interests include reliability engineering, structural integrity and durability analysis.

 Abstract

 Fatigue Reliability Assessment based on Life Prediction for Parabolic Leaf Spring under Random Strain Loading

The aim of this study was to assess the fatigue reliability of a parabolic leaf spring under random loads. Fatigue failure is caused by repeated cyclic loading that is related towards the reliability of a leaf spring under random strain loads. Strain data was captured using a strain gauge located at critical point on leaf spring that was measured at a sampling rate of 200 Hz for various road conditions. The vibration fatigue signal obtained from the strain gauge will be used in predicting the durability and reliability of the leaf spring. The strain signal was captured for various road condition (i.e. curve land road, curve downhill and uphill road and highway with speed of 80-90 km/h and 110-115 km/h) and was used to predict the durability for the leaf spring. From this, the probability distribution function, reliability function, hazard rate and mean cycle to failure characteristics was modelled to characterise the predicted life cycle of the leaf spring. It was observed that the fatigue reliability assessment using Smith-Watson-Topper model produces the lowest mean cycle to failure, when compared against the Coffin-Manson and Morrow models. Hence, the fatigue reliability life cycle approach provides the basis in characterising for the behaviour of random strain loads in predicting the durability of the leaf spring.

 

Mira Schüller was born in Hannover, Germany. She studied Mechanical Engineering and Management at the University of Duisburg-Essen in Germany and visited the China University of Mining and Technology as an exchange student. She received her B.Sc. in 2012 after doing her bachelor thesis at a German automaker and graduated 2014 with a M.Sc. after completing her master thesis at a construction machines company. After graduating she joined the E-Mobility research group of the INEAST School of Advanced studies and works as a research associate at the Chair of Mechatronics. She is doing her PhD in the field of Electric Mobility. Due to her experience abroad in High School and University she is fluent in Chinese.

Electric Mobility in Germany and China: Vehicle Data Analysis

The automotive industry is undergoing a phase of reorientation. Thereby, political, social and technical megatrends drive the automation and electrification of the automotive drivetrain . At the same time, vehicles have to cope with the mobility needs of a changing global world. Especially the complete drivetrain electrification provides new possibilities in vehicle design that exceed a mere exchange of the drivetrain with a consistent vehicle design. This method known as purpose design offers a design that is targeted on the mobility need of the target customer group and was applied on a couple of electric vehicles on the market already.

This article aims to contribute to an understanding of future vehicle design trends for electric vehicles. For this purpose, vehicles on the market are analyzed. In contrast to other studies, a focus on a cross-national perspective is set and considers the two markets China and Germany in particular. The results are associated with studies on the mobility and driving behavior based on real driving data in the two considered countries .

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